![]() ![]() ![]() The video below highlights additional citations conventions worth noting that are demonstrated in the examples above (see Chapter 7 for more details on citing sources). (2019) conducted a study on giraffe hums in response to speculation that these noises are used deliberately for communication. Summarizing information is another common way of integrating information into your original work that requires care and attention to detail. According to Baotic et al., the anatomy of the animal suggests that they may be making deliberate and specific noises (2019).īaotic et al. Giraffes emit a low-pitch noise some scientists believe that this hum can be used for communication with other members of the social group, but others are skeptical because of the dearth of research on giraffe noises. However, some scientists have “speculated that the extensive frontal sinus of giraffes acts as a resonance chamber for infrasound production” (Baotic et al., 2019, p. Some zoological experts have pointed out that the evidence for giraffe hums has been “rather anecdotally” reported (Baotic et al., 2019, p. the neck stretch) are suggested to be associated with the production of infrasonic vocalizations” (Baotic et al., 2015). Moreover, particular neck movements (e.g. It was further speculated that the extensive frontal sinus of giraffes acts as a resonance chamber for infrasound production. “It has been suggested (again rather anecdotally) that giraffes do communicate using infrasonic vocalizations (the signals are verbally described to be similar-in structure and function-to the low-frequency, infrasonic “rumbles” of elephants). Consider how the direct quote, the paraphrase, and the summary each could be used to achieve different purposes. Be aware, though, that summary also requires individual thought: when you reword, it should be a result of you processing the idea yourself, and when you condense, you must think critically about which parts of the text are most important.īelow, you can see three examples of these three tools. When you summarize, you reword and condense another author’s writing. Summary, as discussed earlier in this chapter, is useful for “broadstrokes” or quick overviews, brief references, and describing the state of knowledge. ![]()
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